This passport is archived: the battery was reissued (Art. 77(3) Regulation (EU) 2023/1542). Its content stays retrievable as the last published version (EN 18221:2026 4.2).

A successor passport has been created and is not yet published. The handover is accepted only once it is published (Art. 77(7)).

Sample passport — demonstration data

This passport shows what the engine produces. The economic operator, the model designation and the figures are sample content; it is not a passport issued by the manufacturer named above. Signature, content hash and version history are real and can be recomputed.

All sample passports

EU Digital Battery Passport · Regulation (EU) 2023/1542

Volvo EX90 2024

UID: ATPILOTPILOTEX900001R1

Version 3 · as of 02/09/2026 · verify proof · Machine-readable (EN 18222)

Archived

Public data completeness100 %

13 of 60 public data points verified

Sustainista Verified

Cryptographically sealed · v3 · 05/09/2026

83 % of all mandatory fields · Verify certificate

Issuer did:oyd:zQmRCsCWwMvW5BNufBDJuKMkscn6jwtCY839ZyFEjUL7ZX3

Public data — this page shows only publicly accessible data points (Groups A–F and M) pursuant to Art. 77(1) of the EU Battery Regulation. No login required.

A · General battery information

11 / 11 data points present

Battery identification — serial number

Anhang XIII (1a); Art. 38(6); Art. 77(3); DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.1.2.2

Verified

PILOT-EX90-0001

Manufacturer identification

Annex VI-A-1; Art. 38(7)

Verified

name:: Volvo Cars AB
hinweis:: Volvo Cars AB ist Fahrzeughersteller und Inverkehrbringer; der Hersteller der Batteriemodule wird von Volvo nicht genannt.
trade name:: Volvo
web address:: https://www.volvocars.com
postal address:: SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden — Tel. +46 31 59 00 00

Battery category & model identification (Annex VI A-2)

Annex VI-A-2; Art. 38(6)

Verified

Elektrofahrzeugbatterie (EV) — Modell: EX90 NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery (Arbeitsbezeichnung; Volvo veröffentlicht keine offizielle Modellbezeichnung). PILOT-MUSTER: Beispieldaten aus öffentlichen Quellen, abgeleitete Werte und gekennzeichnete Platzhalter — kein Batteriepass von Volvo Cars.

Place of manufacture (geographical location)

Annex VI-A-3

Verified

Battery modules (cells and modules): manufactured in China [Volvo CFR EX90 p. 9: 'The lithium-ion battery modules for EX90 and XC90 PHEV are manufactured in China' — no plant or city is named by Volvo] Vehicle manufacturing and pack integration: Charleston, South Carolina, USA (Volvo Cars manufacturing) Electric motor manufacturing: Skövde, Sweden

Date of manufacture (month & year)

Annex VI-A-4

Estimated

2024-01-01

Battery weight (kg)

Annex VI-A-5

Verified

474

Rated capacity (kWh)

Annex VI-A-6

Verified

111

Chemical composition

Annex VI-A-7

Estimated

Published (Volvo CFR EX90): • Cathode: NMC811 (Table 1) • Cathode active material: an oxide containing nickel, manganese and cobalt (section 5.2.7) • Anode active material: graphite (section 5.2.7) Not published by Volvo: the electrolyte composition, the cell format and the cell supplier. The LiPF₆ electrolyte and prismatic cell format previously stated here are industry-typical assumptions.

Hazardous substances (other than Hg, Cd, Pb)

Annex VI-A-8

Estimated

herkunft:: MOCK
beschreibung:: Hazardous substances in the EX90 NMC811 battery (other than Hg, Cd, Pb): • Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆): 2.8 kg — electrolyte salt, corrosive, toxic • Ethylene carbonate (EC): 4.1 kg — solvent, irritant • Dimethyl carbonate (DMC): 3.0 kg — solvent, flammable • Ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC): 4.3 kg — solvent, flammable • Cobalt (Co): 9.6 kg — carcinogenic (Cat. 1B), aquatic toxicity • Nickel (Ni): 50.2 kg — sensitising, carcinogenic (Cat. 1A) • Manganese (Mn): 9.8 kg — neurological risk (chronic exposure) • Lithium (Li): 7.4 kg — reactive with water, fire hazard
tabellenzeile:: 8

Suitable extinguishing agent

Annex VI-A-9

Estimated

Recommended fire extinguishing agent for EX90 traction battery: Primary: Water (large volume, ≥ 300 l/min for cooling — fire suppression secondary) Alternative: Special Li-ion battery extinguisher (e.g. F-500 EA, Lithionics) Important: Full thermal runaway suppression requires sustained cooling. CO₂ and dry powder are NOT suitable for Li-ion battery fires. Minimum safe distance: 15 m (risk of ejection of molten material)

Critical raw materials (> 0.1 % by weight)

Annex VI-A-10

Estimated

herkunft:: DERIVED
materials:: Cobalt
Nickel
Lithium
Natural graphite
beschreibung:: Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Lithium (Li), Natural Graphite [All > 0.1% by mass in the battery] Critical raw materials (EU CRM list 2023): Cobalt, Lithium, Natural Graphite, Manganese SVHC (REACH Annex XIV substances): Cobalt compounds (Co₃O₄): included as cathode precursor
tabellenzeile:: 10

B · Carbon footprint

11 / 11 data points present

Carbon footprint contribution — distribution

Anhang II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.5

Estimated

1.4kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint contribution — end-of-life and recycling

Anhang II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.6

Estimated

-5kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint contribution — main production and manufacturing

Anhang II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.4

Estimated

19.8kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint contribution — raw material acquisition and pre-processing

Anhang II Nr. 8; Art. 7; DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.3.3

Estimated

31.5kgCO2e/kWh

Carbon footprint — declared total

Art. 7(1)(d); Annex XIII-1c

Estimated

Carbon footprint declaration — manufacturer details

Art. 7(1)(a)

Verified

Declaring entity: Volvo Cars AB, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden Contact as published in the carbon footprint report (p. 6): a named contact person in the Global Sustainability Team, with direct email and telephone number given in the report itself. Previous entry stated a generic address 'sustainability@volvocars.com' and 'Volvo Cars Sustainability Team' — withdrawn: that address is not published in the report and was not verifiable.

Carbon footprint declaration — battery model details

Art. 7(1)(b)

Estimated

Battery Model: NMC811 111 kWh Li-ion Traction Battery Chemistry: Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Oxide (NMC811) Nominal capacity: 272 Ah / 111 kWh Nominal voltage: [nominal voltage — not published] Application: Volvo EX90 (Twin Motor, MY24) Batch/Serial Number: [individual serial number per battery] Year of manufacture: 2024

Carbon footprint declaration — manufacturing plant

Art. 7(1)(c)

Estimated

Art. 7(1)(c) requires the geographical location of the BATTERY manufacturing plant. Published (Volvo CFR EX90, p. 9): the lithium-ion battery modules for the EX90 are manufactured in China. Volvo names neither the plant nor the city. Charleston, South Carolina, USA is the vehicle manufacturing site, not the battery plant. It was previously entered here in that role — corrected.

Carbon footprint breakdown by life-cycle stage

Art. 7(1)(e); Annex II-4

Estimated

herkunft:: DERIVED
total kg:: 7300
beschreibung:: Carbon Footprint of the Battery by Life Cycle Phases (Battery modules, cradle-to-gate, approx. 7,300 kg CO₂e total): • Phase 1 – Raw Material Extraction & Refining (cobalt, nickel, lithium, graphite): approx. 3,500 kg CO₂e (≈ 48% of battery footprint) • Phase 2 – Cell & Module Manufacturing (cell production, module assembly): approx. 2,200 kg CO₂e (≈ 30% of battery footprint) • Phase 3 – Distribution (transport of modules to pack assembly): approx. 150 kg CO₂e (≈ 2% of battery footprint) • Phase 4 – End-of-Life & Recycling (estimated credit for material recovery): approx. –550 kg CO₂e (≈ –8% of battery footprint, credit)
production kg:: 2200
tabellenzeile:: 16
end of life kg:: -550
distribution kg:: 150
raw material kg:: 3500

Carbon footprint declaration — EU declaration of conformity number

Art. 7(1)(f)

Estimated

EU Declaration of Conformity for the Battery Reference Number: [reference number — not available] Issued by: Volvo Cars AB, Gothenburg, Sweden Date of Issue: 15 March 2024 Valid for: EX90 NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery Notified Body Reference No.: [notified body number — not published] ([notified body — not published for this battery]

Carbon footprint declaration — link to the public study

Art. 7(1)(g)

Verified

Carbon footprint declaration — link to the public study

D · Responsible sourcing

9 / 9 data points present

Due diligence policy (company level)

Art. 48; Art. 49(1); Annex X-1

Verified

Published by Volvo Cars: • Responsible sourcing commitments and a Supplier Code of Conduct applying to suppliers • Blockchain-based traceability applied to cobalt, and extended to lithium and nickel • An audit programme for suppliers in the cobalt, lithium and nickel supply chains • Alignment with OECD due diligence guidance, as stated in Volvo's own responsible business material Withdrawn from this cell: certification claims about named suppliers. They were not verifiable, and one of them attributed a cobalt refining certification to a body that does not certify cobalt refining.

Due diligence report — verification summary

Art. 51; Art. 52(3)

Estimated

Independent verification by Circulor (London, UK) GBA Battery Passport Pilot 2023/2024: Verification scope: • Cobalt: Full traceability from mine (DRC) to cell (Ningde, China) – OECD conformity confirmed for [mining/refining operator — not published for this battery] – No artisanal mining (ASM) involvement confirmed • Lithium: Traceability from SQM (Chile) to cathode production ([cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo], Belgium) • Nickel: Origin Indonesia confirmed (HPAL process, no conflict risk) Verification method: Distributed ledger (blockchain) / Circulor platform Result: Full compliance with OECD Due Diligence Guidance confirmed (June 2024)

Supply chain data — raw material description

Art. 49(2)(a)

Estimated

herkunft:: MOCK
beschreibung:: Raw Material Description of Critical Materials in the EX90 Battery: Cobalt: • Trade name: Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)₂) • Type: Battery-grade cobalt, ≥ 99.8% purity Nickel: • Trade name: Nickel Sulphate (NiSO₄·6H₂O) • Type: Battery-grade nickel sulphate, ≥ 22% Ni content Lithium: • Trade name: Lithium Carbonate (Li₂CO₃) / Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) • Type: Battery-grade, ≥ 99.5% purity Graphite (Anode): • Trade name: Spherical Natural Graphite / Synthetic Graphite • Type: Battery-grade, > 99.95% C purity
tabellenzeile:: 27

Supply chain data — supplier name & address

Art. 49(2)(b)

Estimated

herkunft:: MOCK
beschreibung:: Supply Chain of the EX90 Battery — Suppliers: Cell Production: • CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited) Sanming Road, Jiaocheng District, Ningde, Fujian 352100, China Cathode Active Material: • [cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo] [cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo], Cheonan, South Korea (production) Anode Active Material: • BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China (natural/synthetic graphite anode material) Electrolyte: • Soulbrain Holdings Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea Pack Assembly: • Volvo Cars South Carolina Manufacturing LLC Berkeley County, Charleston, SC, USA
tabellenzeile:: 28

Supply chain data — country of origin & transactions

Art. 49(2)(c)

Estimated

herkunft:: DERIVED
beschreibung:: Cobalt: Main origin Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Nickel: Main origin Indonesia / Philippines Lithium: Main origin Chile / Australia Natural Graphite: Main origin China [Tracked via Circulor Blockchain]
tabellenzeile:: 29

Supply chain data — raw material quantities in the battery

Art. 49(2)(d)

Estimated

herkunft:: MOCK
beschreibung:: Raw Material Quantities in the EX90 Traction Battery (111 kWh, NMC811): Cobalt (Co): 9.6 kg (2.0% of active material mass) Nickel (Ni): 50.2 kg (10.6% of active material mass) Manganese (Mn): 9.8 kg (2.1% of active material mass) Lithium (Li): 7.4 kg (1.6% of active material mass) Graphite (C, anode): 118.5 kg (25.0% of active material mass) Aluminium (Al, current collector): 28.4 kg Copper (Cu, current collector): 26.1 kg Steel (housing/frame): 85.0 kg Electrolyte (LiPF₆ + solvents): 14.2 kg Other (BMS, cooling system, wiring): 124.8 kg Total module mass: 474 kg
tabellenzeile:: 30

Supply chain data — independent supplier audit

Art. 49(2)(e); Art. 50(3)

Estimated

Independent Supplier Audit Report: Auditing body: Circulor Ltd., London, UK Audit method: Blockchain-based traceability (Distributed Ledger) Audit scope: • Cobalt: Full traceability from mine to cell (DRC → China) ✓ • Lithium: Traceability Chile → South Korea/Belgium → China ✓ • Nickel: Origin Indonesia → South Korea → China ✓ • Graphite: Origin China (Heilongjiang) → cell production ✓ Audit result: All critical raw materials fully traceable OECD Due Diligence conformity: Confirmed for all Tier-1 suppliers Date: June 2024

Supply chain data — conflict-affected and high-risk areas

Art. 49(2)(f); Annex X-4

Estimated

Additional Information — Conflict/High-Risk Areas: Cobalt from DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo): • Mine of origin: Kamoto Copper Company ([operator — not published]), Kolwezi, DRC (Operator: [mining/refining operator — not published for this battery] • OECD conformity: Confirmed ([mining/refining operator — not published for this battery] • Artisanal mining (ASM): Not involved ([operator — not published] is an industrial large-scale mine) • Child labour: Not confirmed by Circulor audit (June 2024) • Human rights due diligence: [mining/refining operator — not published for this battery] Lithium from Chile (SQM, Atacama): • Not classified as conflict/high-risk region • Water use in Atacama Desert under regulatory monitoring • SQM Sustainability Agreement with Chilean government (2018)

Evidence of recycled sources for raw materials

Art. 52(4); Annex X-1

Estimated

Evidence of Recycled Source for Raw Materials: EX90 MY24 uses exclusively primary raw materials: • Cobalt: 100% primary (mining DRC) • Nickel: 100% primary (mining Indonesia) • Lithium: 100% primary (mining Chile) • Graphite: 100% primary (mining China) Recycled content (MY24): 0% for all critical materials Future targets pursuant to Art. 8 Reg. (EU) 2023/1542: • From 2031: Cobalt 16%, Lithium 6%, Nickel 6%, Lead 85% • From 2036: Cobalt 26%, Lithium 12%, Nickel 15%, Lead 85% Volvo Cars recycling partners: [cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo], Retriev Technologies (North America)

E · Electrical characteristics

19 / 19 data points present

Cycle-life reference test

Anhang XIII (1j); DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.6.5

Estimated

WLTC-Zyklus (Referenztest laut Tabelle)

Maximum permitted battery power

Anhang XIII (1e); DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.3.5

Estimated

300000W

Idle temperature range — upper limit

Anhang XIII (1e); DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.7.4

Estimated

60°C

Idle temperature range — lower limit

Anhang XIII (1e); DIN DKE SPEC 99100, 6.7.7.3

Estimated

-40°C

Rated capacity (Ah)

Annex XIII-1g

Estimated

272

Minimum voltage (V)

Annex XIII-1h

Estimated

280

Nominal voltage (V)

Annex XIII-1h

Estimated

400

Maximum voltage (V)

Annex XIII-1h

Estimated

430

Original power capability (W)

Annex XIII-1i

Estimated

300000

Battery power limits

Annex XIII-1i

Estimated

herkunft:: MOCK
ac charge w:: 22000
dc charge w:: 250000
beschreibung:: Power Limits of the Battery (EX90 111 kWh NMC811): • Max. discharge power (peak, battery → drivetrain): approx. 300 kW • Continuous power (continuous, battery): approx. 150–200 kW • Max. DC charging power (input): 250 kW (at 400 V, max. 625 A) • AC charging power: 11 kW (standard) / 22 kW (optional three-phase) • Recuperation power: approx. 100 kW (max.) Temperature range for full power: • Optimal: 20–40°C cell temperature • Power reduction below 0°C and above 45°C (BMS thermal management)
tabellenzeile:: 39
recuperation w:: 100000
discharge peak w:: 300000

Expected lifetime (cycles & reference test)

Annex XIII-1j

Estimated

1000

Capacity threshold for exhaustion (% SoH)

Annex XIII-1k

Estimated

Temperature range for storage

Annex XIII-1l

Estimated

−40 °C bis +60 °C (Referenztest IEC 62619)

Manufacturer warranty — calendar life

Annex XIII-1m

Verified

Volvo high-voltage battery warranty for battery electric vehicles: • 8 years, mileage limit whichever comes first • Volvo Car USA states 8 years / 100,000 miles; the European term is commonly stated as 8 years / 160,000 km • Guaranteed threshold: at least 70 % state of health Coverage begins on the original purchase date.

Round-trip efficiency — initial value (%)

Annex XIII-1n

Estimated

Round-trip efficiency — after 50 % of cycle life (%)

Annex XIII-1n

Estimated

89.5

Internal resistance — cell (mΩ)

Annex XIII-1o

Estimated

1.15

Internal resistance — pack (mΩ)

Annex XIII-1o

Estimated

C-rate of the cycle-life test

Annex XIII-1p

Estimated

0.33

F · Conformity, labelling & waste information

6 / 6 data points present

EU declaration of conformity reference number

Art. 7(1)(f); Annex IX

Estimated

EU Declaration of Conformity for the EX90 Traction Battery Reference Number: [reference number — not available] Issued by: Volvo Cars AB, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden Date: 15 March 2024 Valid for: NMC811 111 kWh Traction Battery (EX90 Twin Motor, MY24) Applicable regulations: • Reg. (EU) 2023/1542 (Battery Regulation) • Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC) • Regulation (EU) 2018/858 (vehicle type approval) Notified Body: [notified body — not published for this battery], Cologne (Reference No. [notified body number — not published]) Test Report No.: [test report number — not available]

CE marking (evidence of affixing)

Art. 19; Art. 20

Estimated

true

Labelling requirements (Art. 13(3) & (4))

Art. 13(3)&(4); Annex VI Part B

Estimated

Labelling of the Battery pursuant to Art. 13 Reg. (EU) 2023/1542: • Symbol 'Separate Collection' (crossed-out wheelie bin): ✓ on battery/battery housing • Capacity indication: 111 kWh on battery label • Not applicable: Hg labelling (< 0.0005%), Cd labelling (< 0.002%), Pb labelling (< 0.004%) • QR code (link to Digital Battery Passport): ✓ on driver's door frame All labelling requirements of Art. 13 Reg. (EU) 2023/1542 fulfilled.

Waste information d — safety instructions for waste batteries

Art. 74(1)(d)

Estimated

Safety Instructions for EX90 End-of-Life Battery (400 V NMC811): Transport: • ADR Class 9 (UN 3480 / UN 3481) • Reduce SoC to ≤ 30% before transport • Impact-resistant and pressure-proof transport container required • Damage report (visual inspection) before transport Storage: • Storage temperature: 10–25°C, max. 40°C • No storage next to flammable materials • Fire-resistant storage (F90 fire protection class recommended) • Regular visual inspection for damage, swelling, electrolyte leaks Handling damaged batteries: • Do NOT touch damaged cells (electrolyte toxic, LiPF₆ corrosive) • Immediately inform fire brigade / specialist disposal company • Keep away from water sources (risk of lithium-water reaction)

Waste information e — meaning of labels & symbols

Art. 74(1)(e)

Estimated

Markings on the EX90 Battery / Battery System: • CE mark: ✓ (on battery/accompanying documents) • Symbol 'Separate Collection' (crossed-out wheelie bin): ✓ • Capacity indication 111 kWh: ✓ (on battery label) • QR code (link to Digital Battery Passport): ✓ (driver's door frame) • High-voltage warning (orange cables, HV label): ✓ • Notified Body Reference No. [notified body number — not published] ([notified body — not published for this battery] No Hg/Cd/Pb labelling required (concentrations below legal thresholds).

Waste information f — effects of hazardous substances on environment & health

Art. 74(1)(f)

Estimated

Impacts of Substances Contained in the EX90 Battery: Cobalt (9.6 kg): • Health: Sensitising, carcinogenic (Category 1B) • Environment: Aquatic toxicity (H410), persistent accumulation • End-of-life: Hydrometallurgical recovery ([cathode material supplier — not published by Volvo] Nickel (50.2 kg): • Health: Sensitising (skin), carcinogenic (Category 1A, nickel compounds) • Environment: Aquatic toxicity (H411) • End-of-life: Nickel sulphate recovery via hydromet process Lithium (7.4 kg): • Health: Reactive with water, fire hazard (Li metal) • Environment: Limited ecotoxicological data; no bioaccumulation • End-of-life: Lithium carbonate recovery via hydromet process LiPF₆ (2.8 kg): • Health: Corrosive, toxic (HF formation on contact with water) • Environment: Hydrolysis to HF + PF₅ (toxic) • End-of-life: Thermal inertisation (calcination)

M · Identification & technical metadata

4 / 4 data points present

Economic operator identifier (ISO/IEC 6523)

prEN 18219 Abschnitt 6; prEN 18223 4.1.3.1; prEN 18239 5.2 (1); ESPR Art. 12(1), Anhang III(h)

Manufacturer-provided

0088:4000000000013

Individual battery identifier (unique ID)

Art. 77(3); Art. 13(6)

Verified

ATPILOTPILOTEX900001R1

QR code (link to the battery passport)

Art. 13(6); Annex VI Part C; Art. 77(3)

Verified

QR code (link to the battery passport)

Link to the predecessor battery passport (second life)

Art. 77(7)

Verified

Link to the predecessor battery passport (second life)